Low-energy, or soft, protons (< 300 keV) that enter the field
of view of X-ray focusing telescopes can scatter at grazing an-
gles with the surface of Wolter-type mirrors and reach the fo-
cal plane, causing unpredictable flares in the background rate
of the instruments ([Marelli et al., 2017](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ExA....44..297M/abstract); [Freyberg et al., 2020](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021SPIE11444E..1OF/abstract)).
BoGEMMS was used to simulate the soft-proton-induced back-
ground on the XMM-Newton and Athena X-ray telescopes.
The precision of such predictions was assessed in [Fioretti et al.