Edit examples.md

light within the crystal. The mass model consists

of a trapezoidal CsI(Tl) block measuring 198 mm in length,

20 mm in height, and with widths of 93 mm (top) and 70 mm

(bottom). The crystal is mounted within an aluminium hous-

ing and wrapped in two layers of Teflon followed by two layers

of aluminium foil, enhancing internal reflection of optical pho-

tons. The aluminium casing presents an open window (55 mm

(bottom). The crystal is mounted within an aluminium housing and wrapped in two layers of Teflon followed by two layers

of aluminium foil, enhancing internal reflection of optical photons. The aluminium casing presents an open window (55 mm

in diameter) that allows optical coupling between the CsI and a

PMT via an optical pad. In BoGEMMS-HPC, the CsI block and

the aluminium housing are imported as CAD models, while the

remaining components are constructed using standard Geant4

geometry classes. The physics used in the simulation includes

the standard Livermore polarised physics, along with the scin-

tillation physics to model optical photon generation. The simu-

lation consists of irradiating CsI(Tl) scintillator blocks with 122

the standard Livermore polarised physics, along with the scintillation physics to model optical photon generation. The simulation consists of irradiating CsI(Tl) scintillator blocks with 122

keV photons. The energy deposited in the crystal is converted

into optical photons (54 photons/keV), a fraction of which is

subsequently absorbed by the PMT

subsequently absorbed by the PMT.

To run the example: 

<img src="images/scattering_example.png"  width="400" height="120" >

Low-energy, or soft, protons (< 300 keV) that enter the field

of view of X-ray focusing telescopes can scatter at grazing an-

gles with the surface of Wolter-type mirrors and reach the fo-

cal plane, causing unpredictable flares in the background rate

of view of X-ray focusing telescopes can scatter at grazing angles with the surface of Wolter-type mirrors and reach the focal plane, causing unpredictable flares in the background rate

of the instruments ([Marelli et al., 2017](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ExA....44..297M/abstract); [Freyberg et al., 2020](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021SPIE11444E..1OF/abstract)).

BoGEMMS was used to simulate the soft-proton-induced back-

ground on the XMM-Newton and Athena X-ray telescopes.

BoGEMMS was used to simulate the soft-proton-induced background on the XMM-Newton and Athena X-ray telescopes.

The precision of such predictions was assessed in [Fioretti et al.

(2024)](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024A%26A...691A.229F/abstract)

 by comparing Geant4 physics scattering models with

(2024)](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024A%26A...691A.229F/abstract) by comparing Geant4 physics scattering models with

experimental measurements of proton scattering on a sample

of the eROSITA mirror ([Diebold et al., 2017](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SPIE10397E..0WD/abstract)). The geometry,

physics list, configuration, and macro files used to simulate the

scattering efficiency are distributed in the example application.

scattering efficiency in [Fioretti et al.

(2024)](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024A%26A...691A.229F/abstract) are distributed in the example application.

The proton beam hits the eROSITA mirror sample, rotated to

measure different incident angles, and then a detector is moved

normally to the plane to measure the scattering efficiency at dif-

ferent scattering angles. For each scattering angle, the number

of detected protons is divided by the number of protons hitting

the target and the solid angle subtended by the detector to com-

pute the scattering efficiency, in sr−1. The mass model includes

an empty disk representing the collimator exit, a layered rect-

angular slab of Gold-coated Nickel to model the mirror sample,

and a set of silicon disks representing the detector moved at dif-

ferent heights. A dedicated physics class allows the user to se-

lect the electromagnetic physics among the AREMBES Space

Physics List, the Geant4 built-in Option4

normally to the plane to measure the scattering efficiency at different scattering angles. The mass model includes

an empty disk representing the collimator exit, a layered rectangular slab of Gold-coated Nickel to model the mirror sample,

and a set of silicon disks representing the detector moved at different heights. A dedicated physics class allows the user to select the electromagnetic physics among the AREMBES Space Physics List, the Geant4 built-in Option4

and Single Scattering physics lists. Several custom parameters,

including the rotation of the target, can be adapted at runtime

using the configuration file.